2003年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題及答案

　　[參考譯文]

　　社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類(lèi)及其行為。

　　63�� The emphasis on data gathered first�瞙and, combined with a cross�瞔ultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　The emphasis on data gathered first�瞙and,// combined with a cross�瞔ultural perspective // brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,/ makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

　　這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。The emphasis on data gathered first�瞙and makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.是主句，其中，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)gathered first�瞙and作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞data;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)combined with a cross�瞔ultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作插入語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前文的主語(yǔ)The emphasis on data gathered first�瞙and。在該插入語(yǔ)中，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞perspective。

　　[詞義推敲]

　　gathered first�瞙and第一手收集的

　　combined with加上;和……一起

　　bring to the analysis of 分析

　　cross�瞔ultural perspective 跨文化的視角

　　[翻譯潤(rùn)色]

　　The emphasis on data gathered first�瞙and makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料使得這一門(mén)研究成為一門(mén)獨(dú)特的并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)..., combined with a cross�瞔ultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, 加上以在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角

　　[參考譯文]

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料，加之以在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用的跨文化視角，使得這一研究成為一門(mén)獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。

　　64�� Tylor defined culture as“...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]

　　Tylor defined culture / as“...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

　　這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。Tylor defined culture as...that complex whole 是主干。引號(hào)里面的部分是賓語(yǔ)，具體是作as的賓語(yǔ)，本句結(jié)構(gòu)為define sth. as ... which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾complex whole。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)acquired by man as a member of society作定語(yǔ)，修飾前文并列的名詞belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits。

　　[詞義推敲]

　　define定義

　　include包括

　　acquire by通過(guò)……而獲得

　　[翻譯潤(rùn)色]

　　Tylor defined culture as“...that complex whole...” 泰勒把文化定義為一個(gè)復(fù)合整體

　　which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits它包括信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其他能力和習(xí)慣

　　acquired by man as a member of society人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的