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　　1.單選題

　　[閱讀選擇]War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger， hostility， and territoriality (守衛(wèi)地盤(pán)的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism， an instinct for self-preservation， that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But， on the other hand， human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression， violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function： It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.

　　Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that ______.

　　A、it threatens the existing social systems

　　B、it is influenced by society

　　C、it has roots in religious conflicts

　　D、it is directed against institutions of law

　　正確答案：B

　　答案解析：本段指出了人類(lèi)暴力的兩個(gè)特性，其中第二個(gè)特性是“a learned behavior”�？梢灾�道本題的答案應(yīng)該就在本段的后面部分。接下來(lái)的第二句話即說(shuō)人類(lèi)暴力的諸多表現(xiàn)形式都受社會(huì)習(xí)慣的制約：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior，將其定型為侵略性行為。

　　2.單選題

　　[閱讀選擇]The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes， the more society takes responsibility for the discovery， control， and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems， the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected， the society is responsible for imposing punishment.

　　The function of legal systems， according to the passage， is ______.

　　A、to control violence within a society

　　B、to protect the world from chaos

　　C、to free society from the idea of revenge

　　D、to give the government absolute power

　　正確答案：A

　　答案解析：本段的第一句話The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law 是本題的答案。

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