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　　2017考研英語(yǔ)：轉(zhuǎn)變，抑或回歸?

　　剛剛結(jié)束的2017研究生入學(xué)考試的英語(yǔ)(一)的閱讀部分，著實(shí)讓筆者震驚了一把。當(dāng)拿到卷子的一刻，有兩個(gè)感覺：閱讀文章簡(jiǎn)單了，題目不按套路出牌了。

　　2007年以后，考研英語(yǔ)閱讀一直有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，即“沒用的詞”(日常生活中用得少的詞)越來越多，文章越來越偏，題目越來越直。而2014年以后，閱讀理解的題目開始發(fā)生了細(xì)微的變化，變得越來越細(xì)化，一者存在與文章中心無關(guān)的推斷題(也許，這就是官方說法中的考察對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握)，二者需要進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和推理。這種推理，其實(shí)對(duì)考生是一種折磨——每個(gè)人都有自己的理解能力，但是如何讓自己的思維在考場(chǎng)上與出題人的思維保持高度相關(guān)，則需要平日里對(duì)于真題以及樣題進(jìn)行梳理。

　　例如，2017年考研英語(yǔ)(一)的樣題中，閱讀理解(B)排序的文章非常“霸道”。在給出的五個(gè)未選擇的選項(xiàng)中，按照提示和邏輯順序正確排序回來。我們先看一下原文：

　　[A] "I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't — it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.

　　[B] "Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.

　　[C] "I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires,' accidents, and other emergencies.

　　[D] "Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."

　　[E]"The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.

　　[F] "So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work."

　　[G ] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation — how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

　　順序已經(jīng)給出第一個(gè)空是G，最后一個(gè)是F，那么估計(jì)做題時(shí)候會(huì)有這樣一種感受：前兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)容易，C，E，可是，后三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，著實(shí)變難了。因?yàn)闊o論怎么拍，都有道理。比如：ABD這個(gè)順序，即，AB選項(xiàng)說出了一個(gè)警察局長(zhǎng)的真實(shí)的困惑，而D選項(xiàng)說別人給的建議不靠譜，所以他也不知道怎么辦了，接了F，我求大家?guī)兔�。似乎很有道理。那么，ADB呢?因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)開頭就是Finally，最終，也就是說，A說了自己沒辦法，D說了別人出主意但是不靠譜，B說最終啊，我徹底凌亂了，然后接到F選項(xiàng)，說我來球求大家?guī)兔α�。這也是一個(gè)一點(diǎn)問題都沒有的思路。但是正確答案只有一個(gè)。憑什么答案是ABD，而不是ADB呢?這個(gè)其實(shí)就是一個(gè)思維的問題了。我們?cè)僬f話的時(shí)候，有深度優(yōu)先(一件事沒說完，不要說另一件事，教科書式的說話方式)也有廣度優(yōu)先(先介紹框架，再介紹下一集框架，做設(shè)計(jì)是常用的思維方式)。那么，大家想一下，出題人一般是喜歡深度優(yōu)先，還是廣度優(yōu)先呢?對(duì)，出題人不是設(shè)計(jì)師，一般喜歡深度優(yōu)先，即一件事沒說完，不要說另一件事。所以，分析一下，CE選項(xiàng)說的是警察局長(zhǎng)遇到的困惑，然后呢?AB是他失敗的努力，最后D和F接的是他開始求助。

　　只有深入分析正確答案以后，才能得出出題人在本文的邏輯。

　　這種模棱兩可但是有著“最對(duì)答案”的思維邏輯在2014、2015、2016和2017年的閱讀(A)真題中都出現(xiàn)了，而想要找到這類答案，練習(xí)這種思維，建議考生在初期復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，可涉獵一些2001年以前的閱讀真題，那個(gè)時(shí)候的真題比較繞，不直接，有“最對(duì)答案”，愛玩文字游戲。此外，也可以在中國(guó)學(xué)位網(wǎng)上下載同等學(xué)力人員申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位考試的真題，也可以訓(xùn)練這種思維。

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