2010年成人高考專升本英語中一致關(guān)系復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)(1)

　　3. 有連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語

　　1)用both…and或and連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　如：Both the secretary and manager have agreed to be present.書記和經(jīng)理都同意出席。

　　注：但是，由and連接的并列主語如果指的是一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語用單數(shù)。這時(shí)后面的可數(shù)名詞沒有冠詞。

　　如：The poet and writer has come.那位詩人兼作家來了。

　　2)當(dāng)名詞或代詞后面是with, as well as, along with, together with, but, except, in addition to, rather than等連詞作主語，謂語動詞一般和前一名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。

　　如：Dr. Green, together with his wife and two sons, has just left and will return at four o’clock.格林博士及其夫人和兩個(gè)兒子一起剛剛離開，將于4點(diǎn)回來。

　　3)由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞或代詞作主語，謂語動詞要符合就近一致的原則，即要與鄰近的主語一致。

　　如: Either the principal or his assistants are to attend the meeting. 要么校長要么他的助手們得去參加會議。

　　4. 數(shù)詞、量詞作主語

　　1)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞構(gòu)成短語作主語，謂語形式是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于他們表示的意義。

　　用法類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有half of, a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of, the rest of等

　　如：Half of the students have read the novel.一半學(xué)生讀過這本小說。

　　Half of the food is unfit to eat. 一半的事物不能吃了。

　　There is plenty of wine in the bottle.瓶里還有不少的酒。

　　There are plenty of books on the shelf.書架中有很多書。

　　2)the number of+可數(shù)名詞， the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞， the quantity of+可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的短語作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

　　如：The number of the pages in this book is 500.這本書的頁碼是500頁。

　　The quantity of books in the library is amazing.圖書館書的數(shù)量是令人驚訝的。

　　二、名詞與代詞的一致關(guān)系

　　代詞與其所代替或修飾的名詞(或代詞)在人稱或性別上必須保持一致。

　　如：Each of the students was required to translate the poem by himself. 要求每個(gè)學(xué)生能夠獨(dú)立把這首詩翻譯出來。

　　Every doctor must know both medical theory and techniques so that he can apply them in helping his patients.每一位醫(yī)生必須既懂得醫(yī)學(xué)理論，又懂得醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)，這樣才能將它們用于幫助自己的病人。

　　注：1)在英語中，國家、船只等事物的名詞一般被看為陰性的，所以常用she, her來代替。

　　如：France has decided to increase her trade with China.法國決定增加其對華貿(mào)易。

　　2)合成代詞anyone, somebody等的性別一般用they, their 指代。

　　如：Nobody remembered to sign their names.沒人記著去簽名。

　　3)不定代詞one在句中重復(fù)使用，可以用his, he代替。

　　如：One must love his motherland.一個(gè)人必須熱愛他的祖國。

　　三、主語與狀語邏輯主語的一致

　　表示時(shí)間、條件以及伴隨情況等狀語的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，否則就會意義含混不清。

　　如：誤：Having been delayed by heavy traffic, it was impossible for her to arrive on time.

　　正：Having been delayed by heavy traffic，she found it impossible for her to arrive on time.

　　由于交通阻塞的耽擱，她覺得不可能按時(shí)到達(dá)了。