annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無(wú)法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。
bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動(dòng)帶來(lái)不便或身心上帶來(lái)痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時(shí)的安定受到破壞,精力一時(shí)不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.
32.answer, reply, respond
用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問(wèn)題),doorbell(開(kāi)門(mén)),telephone(接電話(huà)),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。
reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問(wèn)題。)
respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問(wèn)題。)
另外,respond還可表“對(duì)……反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。
33. appreciate, enjoy
appreciate指對(duì)事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。
enjoy是一般用語(yǔ),僅指感官或智力上的滿(mǎn)足,“享受”的意味較強(qiáng)。
34. approve, prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)
(2)批準(zhǔn),通過(guò)。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。
35. argue, debate, dispute
argue著重“說(shuō)理”,“論證”,“企圖說(shuō)明”,且后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。
debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是“公開(kāi)地”、“正式地”辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.
dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的“爭(zhēng)論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.
36. arise, rise, raise
arise表無(wú)形的東西(如困難,問(wèn)題等)“出現(xiàn)”,“發(fā)生”。
rise指具體事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽(yáng)從東邊升起。)
raise為及物動(dòng)詞,“使……上升”,“舉起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)
37. assure, ensure, insure
assure以十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣向別人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生,后需連用人稱(chēng)代詞或指人的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
ensure表普通的“保證”。
insure表“保險(xiǎn)”,有時(shí)同ensure可以換用。
38. awake, wake, waken
都可作動(dòng)詞。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多為不及物動(dòng)詞。
waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。
39. await, wait
await是及物動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
40. award, prize, reward
award, reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語(yǔ);reward意為“報(bào)酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語(yǔ)。
award, prize, reward作名詞時(shí),award常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。
41. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具體事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎(chǔ)。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見(jiàn)缺乏現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。)
42. beat, win
beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對(duì)手,后接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)。
Win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)
43. beneath, below, under
beneath表示同表面接觸,與on 相對(duì)。Below表示“在下面,低于”,與above相對(duì)。
under表示“在……正下方”與over相對(duì)。
44. beside, besides
beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
45. big, great, large
big強(qiáng)調(diào)體積,質(zhì)量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行為。如:a big mistake
great帶感情色彩,多指程度和質(zhì)量,指具體事物或人時(shí),表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great man
large多指面積,數(shù)目或數(shù)量大。如:a large population, a large number等。
46. bloom, blossom
bloom多指供觀賞植物的開(kāi)花。如:The roses are blooming.
blossom多指果樹(shù)等植物的開(kāi)花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.
47. borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?
48. bring, take
bring帶來(lái)。如:Bring me some water, please.
take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?
49. calculate, compute, estimate
calculate通常指用數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行比較復(fù)雜,難度較大的精確計(jì)算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.
compute常指比較簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.
estimate估計(jì),常指對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等事先進(jìn)行判斷或估計(jì)。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall.
50. cheat, deceive, trick
cheat欺騙,常用詞,主要指為了自己的利益欺騙人。
deceive表示隱瞞真相或以假相騙人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.
trick哄騙,表示耍手段進(jìn)行欺騙,強(qiáng)調(diào)在行騙時(shí)使用計(jì)策,有時(shí)也指并非出于惡意的欺騙。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.
51. childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.
52. choose, pick, select, elect
choose是一常用詞,表一般的“選擇”。
pick通常用于不需要認(rèn)真權(quán)衡,對(duì)比就能做出決定。
select側(cè)重“在同類(lèi)的許多東西中,進(jìn)行有斟酌的精選”。
elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。
53. cloth, clothing
cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服(總稱(chēng))。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away.
54. complex, complicated
均可表“復(fù)雜”。
complex為常用詞。
complicated為正式用詞,表由于組成部分太多,相互關(guān)系太復(fù)雜而不能理解,語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。
55. compose, consist, constitute
compose為常用詞,常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團(tuán)。)
consist表一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成(只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯(lián)合王國(guó)是由大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭組 成。)
constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構(gòu)成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個(gè)月。)
56. considerable, considerate
considerable相當(dāng)多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)
considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)
57. consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不斷的,表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn),往往沒(méi)有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
continual頻頻的,不停的,時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù),中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.
continuous不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間無(wú)間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
58. crack, crash
crack(使)破裂,砸開(kāi)。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)
crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機(jī)起飛不久就墜毀了。)
59. crawl, creep
crawl多指蛇,蟲(chóng)類(lèi)等身體沿地面或其他表面的動(dòng)作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲(chóng)子正在你的背上往上爬。)
creep多指哺乳動(dòng)物或人等用四肢爬行的動(dòng)物偷偷摸摸無(wú)聲緩慢的前行動(dòng)作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進(jìn)教室。)
60. cure, treat
cure治愈,醫(yī)治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好,treat只表示“給……治病”。
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