2009年6月英語四六級閱讀理解通用高分技能

　　(3) 判斷作者觀點

　　Which of the following statements was written by someone who prefers small cars to large ones?

　　A) Their excellent gas mileage and even their improved interior design notwithstanding，today’s compact cars simply fail to provide the feel a traditional motorist yearns for.

　　B) They lack some of the size and even the character of the full-sized autos we were accustomed to; but today’s compacts more than make up for this with their excellent gas mileage.

　　本題要求我們對A、B中哪種觀點贊成小汽車作出判斷。A句中主句對小汽車予以否定，句首對小汽車的肯定性陳述又被notwithstanding一詞否定。答案是B，第一分句講到小汽車的缺陷：缺乏大汽車的空間和氣派;第二分句則認為小汽車的緊湊及其優(yōu)秀的低耗油特征能遠遠彌補上述不足，前面以轉(zhuǎn)折連詞將作者觀點轉(zhuǎn)向第二分句。

　　歸納

　　歸納是一種由特殊(個別)到一般的概括，從閱讀理解角度說，所謂個別即具體細節(jié)，所謂一般即章節(jié)段落的大意或主題，歸納是由特殊細節(jié)推向一般主題的概括過程。我們可以

　　借助詞的上下義關(guān)系來領會掌握并運用歸納這一方法。

　　(1) 句子的歸納

　　A) Microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences previously associated with the preparation of meals.

　　B) Many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven without being defrosted.

　　C) Many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are away from the kitchen.

　　D) The microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it takes to cook a meal.

　　題中四句話都提到微波爐的好處，其中B、C、D 分別從方便、解凍、定時三個不同的方面具體講述微波爐不同于傳統(tǒng)炊具的優(yōu)勢，而A則從整體上覆蓋了上述三句的內(nèi)容，故A是對B、C、D的概括，上述分析、尋找最具概括意義之選項的過程即為歸納過程。推而廣之，我們可用之于段落和短文主題的歸納。

　　(2) 段落大意的歸納

　　Although most universities in the United States are run on a semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in September, January, and March, the summer quarter, June to August is composed of shorter sessions of varying length. Students may take advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in all four quarters, Most students begin their programs in the fall quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other quarters.

　　A) Universities in the United States

　　B) The Academic Year

　　C) The Quarter System

　　D) The Semester System

　　本段由四個句子組成，各句大意分別為：1)有些學校實行四學期制;2)學年從9月至下年7月，前三個學期各長11周，夏季學期最短;3)學生可于任何學期注冊入學;4)但大多數(shù)學生秋季入學。通過上述四句大意的歸納，可知本段落主要講述美國大學的一種學期制，即Quarter System，答案為C。